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SCHOOL STORIES 

AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE 

TO 

SCHOOL SUBJECTS OF INTEREST 






COST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



The original cost of such half tone plates as are used for 
this report varies from 10 cents to 20 cents per square inch, plus 
the cost of photographs. Many superintendents report that 
illustrations pay large dividends because they interest and con- 
vince taxpayers as well as school trustees. They certainly make 
it easier for newspapers and magazines to describe school needs 
and school work. 

Most of the illustrations were loaned by the schools or 
organizations whose names are mentioned in the legends. 



fubl 

'09 




School Playground : Newark, N. J. 

SCHOOL STORIES 

Does a comparison of the space given by our public jour- 
nals to churches and higher education, to theatrical and sport- 
ing events, police courts, minor politics and private charity 
with the space given to public schools prove 

That the space heretofore given by newspapers and 
magazines to school problems and events fairly repre- 
sents the power of these subjects to -interest their 
readers ? 

That publishers are more eager to give publicity to the 
unexpected about prize fights and divorces than to 
the not-yet-understood about twenty million school 
children? 

That publishers would rather print comments on indus- 
trial education by labor leaders, university presidents 
and social workers than by school officials? 

Is it not rather that 

It is easier for writers and publishers to obtain news about 
society, charity, colleges and sports than to obtain in- 
teresting school items? 

To help editors, special-story writers, public education asso- 
ciations, school teachers and officials, as well as those who vote 
funds, consider these reasons, the Bureau of Municipal Re- 



search has indexed the last report of New York City's superin- 
tendent of schools (690 pp. with appendixes) for the year ending 
June 31st, 1908, — published in March, 1909. dated December 31st, 
1908. This index, as printed, requires nearly 29 octavo pages, 
and is planned to serve the double purpose of pointing the way 
to readable school stories and of proving that school reports will 
be vastly more serviceable when properly indexed. Omitting 
proper names and condensing to the requirements of regular re- 
porting this index could have been printed on 10 pages, much 
less space than the report indexed gives to the unnecessary 
repetition of salutations and such phrases as "respectfully 
submitted," and but one page more than the admirable index 
for City of Cleveland's report one-fourth as large. 

Many topics having the merit of perennial or special novelty, 
and others which at this particular time are not sufficiently under- 
stood by the general public, are indexed in black-face type. For 
example : Aid in studies after school hours ; use of metronome 
for speed in teaching business arithmetic ; fee to improve 
evening school attendance ; baths not in operation ; good citi- 
zenship clubs; teachers doing clerical work; folk dancing; 




Children^ St. Joseph, Mo., Reproducing Millet's "Feeding Her Birds' 

4 



girls' athletic league ; prevalence of nervous diseases ; Brook- 
lyn students' drawings on exhibit in London; evening courses 
in architecture ; the Russell Sage Foundation's work for back- 
ward children ; how the newsboy law works ; co-operation 
with trade unions. The recommendations listed number 130, 
and are indexed to 176 places. 

If a Taxpayer 

The item "taxpayer" is never so important to taxpayers 
as the item "cost." That word is indexed but refers you to "ex- 
penditures," and tells parenthetically that "educational records 
as yet show money spent, not cost incurred." Is this the way 
your school and other public records are kept? If so, payment 
of this year's bills may be deferred until next year or this 
year's payments may include goods purchased and used last 
year. Purse strings cannot be controlled by you if such is 
your city's method. Under "expenditures," however, the in- 
dex refers to different "activities" and to uses of "bond issues," 
to "economies," "general school funds," "summary of expendi- 
tures" and "maintenance of truants." 

If a Parent 

You will wonder what the four pages cited tell about meet- 
ings of parents, mothers' clubs, and truancy due to parental ne- 
glect. Is there parental neglect in your city? Has your school 
superintendent or principal attempted to organize mothers' clubs, 
and parents' meetings? The item "popular evening lectures," 
refers to the fact that New York spends $134,000 in 178 centers, 
totaling 1,208,000 attendances in 1908. Lest you wonder 
why so little is said in the report about these lectures, the index 
tells you that a separate report on this subject is published by 
the supervisor of lectures (at educational headquarters, Park 
Avenue and 59th Street). 

If a Social Worker, Civic Leader, Minister, Clubwoman, or 
Popular Lecturer 

You will find a host of suggestions which will enable you to 
get quickly to the center of your local school problem and of 
many other social problems. The mere fact of your becoming 
intelligently interested in so many different questions at one time 
would show your school board new possibilities of securing public 
support for any plans that clearly explain their difficulties and 
endeavors. 



If a Mayor, Comptroller or Other Holder of Public Purse- 

Strings 

You will find a short route to means of fitting yourself to ask 
intelligent questions of boards of education and superintendents 
of schools. If, as is frequently said, New York City's example 
is emulated not only by large cities but by school officials in 
small communities, it will well be worth your while to estimate 
what it would cost or save your school district, county, city or 
state, in money and in school energy, to put into effect the 130 
recommendations here indexed. Their adoption would mean for 
New York an immediate outlay of many millions, and, so long 
as executed, an annual outlay of other millions. What they would 
pay hack in power and even in money you will be interested to 
compute. 

If a Writer of School Reports 

You will probably determine not only to index your next re- 
port, but to seek audience for the facts and ideas which you 
will be proud to index. You will wonder why men and women 
having to do with school children have so long left to persons 
not connected with public education the chief part in shaping- 
general sentiment with regard to school questions. The opin- 




The First of the New York Children's Aid Society's Three Dental Clinics 

for School Children. The Story of the "Dental Awakening" is 

Both Helpful and Thrilling. Rural and Urban District 

Schools Need Leadership and Following in 

Dental Hygiene 



ions advanced by school journals and by school superinten- 
dents as individual theorists, will shortly come to be consid- 
ered less reliable and less interesting indexes of school experi- 
ence, than official reports which raise questions and tell the 
greater part of the truth about all public school children. 

If a Reader of Newspapers and Magazines 

You will be convinced by this index that there is no reason 
why school topics should not be "live wires," and will perhaps 
be moved both to help and to induce your newspaper editors and 
school officials to give to you reading matter about school progress 
and school hindrances that will both inform and interest you. 

If You Give Large Sums to Education and Philanthropy 

You will ask yourself numerous questions which will leave 
you somewhat in doubt as to whether, at the present time, higher 
education and private charity can compete with studies of 
public education in paying dividends on future large gifts. 
At least, you may wonder if the time has not come for some 
philanthropist to show the public how the gap may be filled 
up between what everybody wants our public schools to do 
and what those schools get done. 

Two significant efforts to hasten social progress by get- 
ting things done through established agencies are indicated 
by the Junior League of New York City and by a gift of its 
former president, Miss Dorothy Whitney, to the Bureau of 
Municipal Research for making known everywhere and trying 
to get done everywhere what is known to be necessary every- 
where for the physical welfare of school children. The gift 
will be applied throughout the coming year to studies, publi- 
cation and correspondence about school children. 

Many of America's great foundations, as well as many 
forms of private charity on smaller scale, are creating prob- 
lems for cities and states without alwaj^s showing how to solve 
them. The free public library is a continuing tax as well as a 
continuing opportunity. To discover laggards in the school 
lodges a burden upon tax payers to remove the causes. When 
a cure for meningitis is discovered boards of health are ex- 
pected to provide that cure upon call. Showing that ignorance 
and unclean milk are chiefly responsible for infant mortality 
induces the taxpayer to instruct mothers and to inspect milk. 
Yesterday's private tuberculosis clinic is becoming to-day's 



reason for a comprehensive anti-tuberculosis program. There- 
lore the need for educational work which will show communi- 
ties how to get done what they are convinced ought to be 
dune. To this end school stories are one indispensable agency. 




Rural as Well as Urban Patients, Self Supporting as Well as Dependent 
Families Are Making Ever Increasing Demands for the Visiting Nurse. 
For Her Part in Fighting Tuberculosis Address National Asso- 
ciation for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, 
New York City 

Why Schools Must Tell Their Own Story 

So long as newspapers and magazines are business enterprises 
they must choose the easier way to secure interesting news. If 
their audience does not discriminate between news items, articles 
and illustrations that come in at no cost, and matter of equal in- 
terest that costs $C> a column, 5 cents a word, or $5 a picture, 
they will in the long run render the greater service by printing the 
free material. Any newspaper that would rather pay for news 
than get that same news for nothing will be so badly managed and 
edited that it will end by paying for news that is good for nothing. 

Between two news items entailing no outlay, newspapers fre- 
quently print the less interesting item because it comes to them 
in a more attractive form, or requires less rewriting. Because 



publishers have stationary offices, and because each editor or 
writer has but two eyes and two feet, their product must be 
largely influenced by what comes to editorial desks. In a 
crowded day men may be sent to only a limited number of 
places. Time spent in traveling cannot compete with time 
spent in writing up news that comes by telegraph or mail. An 
editor who receives from the outside a hundred suggestions 
or "tips" will work out more combinations and see more pos- 
sibilities of interest than an editor of equal capacity who re- 
ceives half as many suggestions or none at all. 

For these reasons almost every type of laudable effort 
except public schools, and certain other branches of civil gov- 
ernment, is seeking a carefully worked out "short circuit" to 

1 How Press Cooperation Is Sought 

The progressive private charity endeavors to make its annual 
report appeal to heart and pocket-book. But after all the arts of 
rhetoric, indentation, italics, fantastic type, coloring and illustra- 
tion are exhausted, these reports are supplemented by personal 
note, telephone call or visit to make sure that the "good stories" 
do not escape the editor's eye. Additional advantage is taken dur- 
ing the year of appealing incidents, to secure press notice 
for their commendable work and to solicit funds. 

Spectacular as is the Hudson-Fulton Memorial celebration, 
or a political campaign, or a great strike, only a fraction of their 
stories would appear in the newspapers unless memorial, 
campaign and strike committees organized means of forcing 
story possibilities upon the attention of editors. 

School News Now Costs Too Much 

The press itself has through syndicates, press bureaus, etc., 
attended to the "short circuit" for police and divorce courts, 
society and stock market, military and foreign news, because 
experience shows that news of human vital interest is not only 
manufactured there, but may be easily found there. Heretofore 
to have done this for schools, would have cost too much. Not 
only have the schools failed to send interesting items to the edi- 
tor's desk, but they have also failed to make it easy for writers, 
by going to them, to get their stories. An adequate school report 
— clear, complete, interesting, sound, true — would partially serve 
the purpose of press agent, news syndicate or literary broker, 
and prove a strong competitor of other classes of specialized and 
exploited news. q 



Commenting on the foregoing paragraph one Eastern 
publisher and editor wrote : 

The newspapers would get a lot of material out them- 
selves from reports, if it was more clearly and forci- 
bly presented. * * * * 

The greatest difficulty is that the news of the schools is 
not set forth attractively. As you have pointed out 
in your foreword, school reports are frequently full 
of facts that make the most interesting sort of news 
stories, but they are so buried in verbiage and so 
poorly presented that they do not strike home. To 
attract newspaper attention (or school directors'?) 
the important and interesting things should be 
"thrown up" as we say in the newspaper business, 
and made perfectly clear by the simplest sort of lan- 
guage. 

A Western editorial writer who does much for uplift work 
of every kind wrote: 

The press cannot get material to make readable articles 

regarding the progress of the public schools. 
While the schools are one of, if not the most important 
factor in making the citizen of the future, and while 
they are supported by public taxation, it is impossible 
to arouse general interest concerning them. Yet 
there is a wealth of interest in their educational and 
financial management. I feel that publicity would 
help toward better schools. 
To continue the education of 178 groups of adults, New 
York's board of education spends about $134,000 a year on popu- 
lar evening lectures. No annual bill is paid more willingly by 
that city's taxpayers. A similar amount spent in the course of 
five years in publishing "live news" about America's schools, 
such as this index calls for, would revolutionize school finance 
and school administration in every section of the country. Such 
an investment would pay enormous direct dividends too. 
Taxpayers, when better informed, will gladly spend additional 
sums upon education vastly exceeding the huge incomes from 
our large private foundations, such as the General Education 
Hoard, the Russell Sage Foundation, the Jeanes Fund and 
( arnegie Foundation. 



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Journalism Is The Greatest Educator 

For 100 per cent, of American citizens over 20 years of age 
and for all but 3 per cent, over 14, the most constant and most 
effective educator is journalism — the newspaper, the weekly 
and monthly magazine, the trade or class journal, etc. In fit- 
ting children for life, schools should fit them for later educa- 
tion by press and magazine. If this later schooling is to build 
upon the preliminary training of school and college, it is neces- 
sary that schools put their story within easy reach of those 
who conduct newspapers and magazines. School officials who 
do not enable journalists to help the schools cannot prepare 
children to be helped by journalism. 

An Appeal for Adequate School Reports 

It not infrequently happens that the most intelligent strata 
of societv, judged by conventional and academic standards, are 
least informed upon questions necessary either to efficient citizen- 
ship or to proper administration of public schools. It is hoped 
that this school index will be studied by many shapers of public 
opinion so that they may enlist the country's press and other edu- 
cational agencies in a crusade for progressive educational descrip- 
tion of school work and school needs. 




New York School Playground 



INDEX 

TO 

SCHOOL SUBJECTS OF INTEREST 

Tenth Annual Report, City Superintendent, the City of New York, 
for Year Ending July 31, 1908 



For examples of school reports with topical indexes consult those for 



Alexandria, Va. 
Altoona, Pa. 
Atlanta, Ga. 
Augusta, Me. 
Bayonne, N. J. 
Berkeley, Cal. 
Beverly, Mass. 
Boston, Mass. 
Brockton, Mass. 
Camden, N. J. 
Charleston, W. Va. 
Chelsea, Mass. 
Chicago, 111. 
Cincinnati, O. 
Cleveland, O. 
Columbus, Ga. 
Columbus, O. 
Council Bluffs, Iowa 



Covington, Ky. 
Denver, Col. 
Detroit, Mich. 
Elizabeth, N. J. 
Erie. Pa. 
Fall River, Mass. 
Ft. Wayne, Ind. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 
Harrisburg, Pa. 
Holyoke, Mass. 
Jamestown, N. Y. 
Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Kansas City, Mo. 
Da Crosse, Wis. 
Dawrence, Mass. 
Little Falls, N. Y. 
Maiden, Mass.' 
Marlboro, Mass. 



Meadville, Pa. 
Memphis, Tenn. 
Newark, N. J. 
New Britain, Conn. 
Newport, Ky. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Norfolk, Va. 
North Adams, Mass. 
Oklahama, Okla. 
Oshkosh, Wis. - 
Paterson, N. J. 
Pawtucket, R. I. 
Pontiac. Mich. 
Portland, Me. 
Portsmouth, Va. 
Racine, Wis. 
Reading, Pa. 
Roanoke, Va. 



Worcester, Mass. 



Rochester, N. Y. 
Rock Island, 111. 
St. Louis, Mo. 
St. Paul, Minn. 
San Jose, Cal. 
Schenectady, N. Y. 
Somerville, Mass. 
Springfield, Mass. 
Springfield, O. 
Steubenville, O. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Tacoma, Wash. 
Trenton, N. J. 
Troy, N. Y. 
Washington, D. C. 
Watertown, N. Y. 
Waterville, Me. 
Waukegan, 111. 



T3 




Overcoming Fear of ''''Nature''' in Next) York 



Abnormal children, see defectives 

Accommodations, see sittings 

blind, classes needed 113 

elementary schools needed 51, 94, 193 

high school 93-94, 273-274, 281-282 

kindergartens needed 103, 253 

kitchens needed 103-107 

vocational schools needed 124-125 

workshops needed 103-107, 123, 125, 253 

buildings, present, new 20-22 

deaf and dumb, present 113 

fire risk reduced 46 

elementary industrial school, new 536 

industrial night schools, needed 124 

schools, number and kind 18-19, 20 

sites, expenditure for 156 

Additional teachers returned to class work 265 

economies possible 190, 268 

Additions, see accommodations 

Pages 1-163 refer to portion signed by the city superintendent; pages 
164 ff. to reports submitted to him by division superintendents, directors 
of special branches, etc. This index was compiled by Bureau of Munici- 
pal Research for the educational purposes set forth in the foreword. 

15 



Adenoid growths, prevalence 139 

ungraded class pupils 606 

Adler, Prof. Felix, on ethical instruction 109 

Afternoon playgrounds, see playgrounds 

Ages of pupils, above normal 60 

all schools, by sex 52 

elementary schools, by grades 54-59 

elementary school graduates 65-66 

high school graduates 84 

Ahearn, Borough President 515 

Law 378 

Aid in studies, after school hours 91 

Albro, Henry F., vs. board of education 377 

Anaemia, prevalence 138 

Annuitants under retirement law 427 

Appeals, unsuccessful candidates 249 

Appendixes, by division superintendents, etc 5, 167-690 

Applied mechanics, see physics 

Appointments, teachers, principals, etc 266 

Architectural course, evening high schools 258 

Arithmetic, business 175 

metronome used for speed 172 

teaching 169, 213, 225 

unsuccessful pupils drilled by successful 173 

higher, evening high and trade schools 552 

Art, see domestic arts, drawing 

Brooklyn drawings in London 470 

vacation schools 519 

Assignment, nomination and transfer 16, 265-269 

Assistants to principals, licensing unsatisfactory 277 

not teaching 36 

termination of appointments 266 

Associate city superintendents 15, 16, 17, 167-225 

Athletics, assistant inspectors licensed 246 

co-operation of teachers 170, 432 

girls' athletic league 438 

Attendance, see compulsory education 

"attendance school" recommended 205 

average daily, all schools 

children's court co-operates 211 

comparison, boys and girls, by boroughs 29 

discipline class established 225 

evening schools since 1903 539 

fee to improve, evening school 134, 163 

increase, yearly, since 1899 30, 153 

individual schools 619-687 

reorganization of officers 373 

regularity, by boroughs 

since 1899 30 

16 







17 



Atypical children, see defectives 

Ayics, Leonard P., retardation investigation 61,144,145,567-598 

B 

Backward pupils, see defectives, retardation 

Bardwell, Darwin L 12 

Barlow, Magistrate 355 

Barnstone, Rachel, vs. board of education 378 

Barrows, Dr. Samuel J., death 183 

Basketry, vacation schools 518 

Baths, in operation 174, 224, 517 

not in operation 218 

caretakers needed 218 

recreation center and playground work 137 

Baum, Miss Millicent 181 

Best, Lyman A 14 

Biology, syllabus under revision 276 

Blackmar, Justice 416 

Blacksmithing and tinsmithing, evening schools 552 

Blind, see defectives 




Chicago Class with Blind Children (X) among 

the Seeing. New York Now Has 

Such Mixed Classes 



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Board of education, members, regulations 7-9 

Board of examiners, members, powers, duties 14, 155 

reports 229-249 

Board of health, see health 

Board of retirement, see retirement 14, 15, 425-428 

Board of superintendents, committees 5-6, 16-17 

members 10 

organization 15 

regulations 10 

Bond issues, uses 152, 153, 156 

Bookbinding, vacation school course 518 

Bookkeeping, evening high schools 541, 552 

Books, report of committee 259-262 

Borglum, Gutzon 461 

Botanical garden, experimental lectures at 201 




Botany Instruction at First Hand for New York's Children 



Breathing defects, prevalence 

Brett, Anna, vs. board of education 

Brice, Hon. W. Kirkpatrick 

Britton. Dr. X. L 

Brooklyn evening technical and trade school, 

Brooklyn teachers' association, exhibits , 

Buchanan, John L., death 



138 

378 
180 
201 
542 
470 
279 



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Buildings, see accommodations. Separate report frequently il- 
lustrated, by superintendent of school buildings. Expendi- 
tures for repairs and operation, by board in special report 

Bureau of labor, reports illegal employment 370 

Bureau of Municipal Research 144, 146, 147 

Burnt wood, vacation schools, recommended 518 . 

Byrnes, J. C 14, 229-232 

C 

"C" classes, see special classes 

Cabinet-making, evening schools 258, 542, 552 

Campbell, William A 204, 211, 213 

Cardiac diseases, prevalence 138 

Carpentry, evening schools 542, 552 

Casteneda, Senorita Estafania 446 

Caswell, Albert S 479-483 

Catton, Mary E., vs. board of education 379, 421 

Certification, high school pupils 82 

Chair caning, vacation schools 518 

Chemistry, evening schools 133, 258, 542, 552 

Chickering, John J 12 

Child labor law 364 

Children's court, co-operation 211, 212 

diversities of practice 356 

Citizenship and civics 

clubs in playgrounds 516 

evening high and trade schools 521-523, 552 

"good citizens" clubs in playgrounds 516 

recreation centers 521 

public duties, lessons on 188 

school state 183 

City history, vacation schools 520 

City superintendent 10, 11, 13, 14, 15-162, 167, 178, 182, 191, 204, 216, 

222, 229,233, 239, 246, 253, 259, 265, 273, 287, 338, 341, 351, 364, 377, 
381, 399, 425, 431, 443, 446, 447, 448, 453, 465, 471, 479, 482, 484, 491, 
492, 493, 494, 495, 498, 513, 523, 535, 555, 557, 561, 567, 568, 601, 602 

Civil service, preparation for 541 

Clark, Justice 415 

Clarke, Sir C. Purdon 462 

Classes, blind, recommended for 113, 162 

part-time, see index 

pupils per teacher 23, 41-44 

high schools 87 

reduction in size 167, 168 

work described 199 

Clerical work by teachers 188, 202, 265, 268 

Clerks, total salaries 156 

Clubs, day schools 169-170 

hospital league, branch of 183 

recreation centers 521-522 

pupil government 183 

23 



Colleges, high school graduates entering 284 

Collins, Frank H 471-475 

Commercial courses 75, 133, 541, 552, 556 

Committees, board of superintendents 5-6, 16-17 

compulsory education 17, 351-374 

course of study 17, 253-262 

defectives, classes for 17 

evening schools 17, 535-557 

high schools 17, 273-286 

nomination, transfer and assignment 16, 265-269 

records, forms and reports 17 

school management 17 

text books, libraries, supplies 17, 259-262, 503-509 

trade and evening schools 121-126, 535-557 

training schools 17, 341-348 

vacation schools, recreation centers, etc 17, 513-532 

vocational schools and defectives. . .17, 121-126, 535-557, 601-615 

"Communal work" in P. S. 5 200 

Comparison, similar classes tested 185 

Composition, see English 

Compulsory education, see attendance 351-374 

absences due to parental neglect 367 

bureau of labor, cases reported by 371 

changes in law recommended 363 

commitments to truant schools 368 

committee 17, 351-374 

comparative statistics 357-360 

courts and 354 

district superintendents' work 371 

evening school attendance 370 

expenditure for enforcement 156, 160 

illegal employment of children 366 

June and September, inclusion recommended 363 

law, definition recommended 363 

non-attendants 369 

number, children under 53 

parental duty under, definition recommended 363 

parental neglect 354-355 

retardation and lower age limit 578 

seventh year, inclusion, recommended 363 

superintendent in charge 16 

truancy, method of checking 168, 184 

Conferences, teachers and principals 182,470,492,543 

Congestion, see consolidation, part time 

Colliding, Miss Carrie W 468 

Conlon, Mary A 43S 

Consolidation of schools, economical 35, 36, 179, 188, 202 

Constructive work, see drawing 

24 




Making Jack a "Bright" Boy : Detroit 
25 




26 



Cooking 491-494 

chemical laboratories suggested for 492 

conference of teachers 492 

directors assigned 37 

domestic science, a better title 493 

elective in high school 276 

evening high schools 258 

extension of course recommended 492 

licensing of teachers 100, 103 

public school 79, Manhattan 176 

salaries of teachers 154 

salary increases deserved 492 

Cord work, see sewing 

Cornell, Magistrate 355 

Corporal punishment, restoration defeated 163 

Corporate schools, expenditures for 155, 688-690 





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Summer Outings for Corporate School Children Given by the New York Children's 
Aid Society, 105 P'ast 22nd Street, New York City 

Corrigan, Magistrate 355 

Cost, see expenditures (educational records, as yet, show money 

spent, not cost incurred) 
Cost per capita, see per capita 
Coudert, Frederic R., commissioner 126 

27 



Course of study, committee 17, 253-262 

architecture 258 

culture 541 

electives in high school 75 

elementary schools 108 

evening high school 541, 552 

syllabuses, biology, Latin 276 

Courts, see compulsory education, litigation 

Crampton, Dr. C. Ward 143-150, 438 

Crane, Magistrate 355 

Crippled children, see defectives 

Curtis, Miss Fanniebelle 448-449 

Curtis, Miss Mary E 14 

Cycle of teaching, recommended 108 

D 

"D" classes, see special 

Damrosch, Dr 183 

Darlington, Dr. Thomas R 144, 146,147,149 

Davis, George S., resignation 18,167 

Davis, John W | 12,191, 201 

Davis, Miss 44S 

Deaths, summary 266 

Barrows, Dr. Samuel J 183 

Buchanan, John T 150, 279 

Davis, Catherine V 151 

Fairlamb, J. Remington 487 

Goldey, William J 151 

Griinenthal, Philip H 151 

Johnson, Frank L 150 

Decisions of courts, see litigation 

Decoration, school 206 

Defectives, see physical defects, retardation 601-615 

abnormal children reported 602-603 

examined 601-603, 609-615 

ages, by boroughs 58 

blind, schools for, recommended 113, 162, 256 

classes, number and register Ill 

classes, recreation centers 522 

committee 17, 601-615 

co-operation with hospitals needed 608 

medical 605 

cripples, classes 180 

register and promotion 68 

deaf and dumb 100, 113, 143, 239, 240 

health conditions of 605 

inspector, licenses 103 

licenses 103, 239, 245 

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Defectives — Continued 

mental, classes Ill 

nurses 112, 607-608 

physical defects of 112 

number 139 

nurses 112, 607-608 

register and promotion 68-72 

study, by teachers recommended 112, 162 

in training schools 162 

teachers, assistant, licenses 103 

overtaxed by visiting 605-606 

salary increases 608 

De Haven, Frank 461 

Delineator, article by city superintendent 492 

Dental school, graduates entering 284 

Department of health, see health 

Dictionaries, needed in upper grades 260 

Directors, see activities 

Design, industrial, in evening trade school 542 

Discipline, see attendance 

Dismissals, number, sex and grade 266 

Dispensaries, co-operation with schools 608 

Districts 11, 12, 16 

District superintendents 12-13, 371, 513, 535, 543 

Divisions of city for school administration 16 

districts 16 

superintendents' names 16 

reports , 107, 167-225 

Domestic arts, evening high schools 133, 541 

kitchens, need of more 103-107 

speedy placing 276 

work, sufficient provision for 222 

Domestic science, see domestic arts 

evening high schools 133, 541, 552 

Donnelly, Samuel B 126 

Drawing and constructive work 453-475 

alternatives, recommended 455 

architectural, evening schools 502, 542, 552 

directors, assignment 37 

conferences, teachers' 470 

course, changes 108 

craft classes for especially skilled pupils 463-464 

defects of teaching 471, 472, 474 

departmental teaching, recommended 473 

evening high schools 133, 502, 541, 542, 552 

exhibitions 469-470, 474 

free hand, evening schools 552 

grammar grades, unsatisfactory 471 

improvement 176 

licenses renewed and made permanent 100, 103 

3i 



Drawiug — Continued 

limited time and material 455 

mechanical, advance 461 

for trade schools 542 

statistics, evening schools 552 

museums used 4G1-462 

salaries 54 

scholarships, special talent 404 

shops, number 453, 454. 465, 471 

staff, changes in 468 

teachers, deficient 472 

more recommended 39, 466, 472 

special, number 471 

vocational training 456, 458 

workshops, new 468 

schools without 468 






7i " m 




Combining Cinderella and Drawing Lessons in New York City 

Dressmaking, in evening high schools 258, 552 

Droege, Magistrate 355 

Dwyer. John 12, 191, 199 

E 

"E" classes, see special 

Economies, consolidation 35, 36, 179, 188, 202 

class duty by teachers 190, 268 

Edsall, James M 12 

Edson, Andrew W 269, 341 

Education, board of, members, regulations 7-9 

Electricity, courses 133, 253, 542, 552 

Elementary schools, ages of pupils 52, 54-59, 60, 65 

ages, number above normal 60 

attendance 23, 43 

3 2 



Elementary Schools — Continued 

buildings 18-20 

needed 51 

new 20-22 

used by high schools 34 

consolidation 35, 36, 188, 202 

course of study, changes 108, 253 

enrollment 24, 41, 43 

equipment, special, by schools 627 

expenditure, per capita 154, 159 

graduates 65, 66, 74, 77 

heads of departments 23 

libraries 25, 111 

licenses for teaching 98, 102 

part-time, see index 

principals, number of 23, 35 

promotion of pupils 68-73 

pupils per teacher 23, 43 

register 23, 30-34, 39, 40, 43 

sittings compared with register 22, 30-34 

statistics, general 626-687 

teachers, number of 23, 35, 36 

Elementary evening schools, see evening 

Elgas, Matthew J 17, 12, 535-557 

Eligible lists 14 

Employment certificate, conditions of granting 364-365 

number children applying 364 

preparation in "D" classes 168, 198 

vacation school aid 517 

English as study, applicants deficient in 235, 238 

composition ; 169 

contests 200 

out-of-school correspondence 181 

school quarterly 224 

critical state in schools 238 

evening schools 552 

foreigners study, evening schools 540 

high and trade schools, evening 552 

normal classes, evening, urged 556 

reading, literarj^ gems at assembly exercises 183 

methods, McC'loskey 175 

nature culture series 171 

Newark 169 

Ward .' 175 

phonetic drills 224 

separate tests for teachers 238 

spelling, list of 2,000 words 176 

vacation schools 517 

English speaking adults, evening schools 544-546 

Enlarged glands, prevalence 138 

35 



Enrollment, see attendance, register 

all schools, increase by boroughs 25 

compared with population 27 

defined 25, 537 

increase since 1903 and per cent 2G 

net, all schools, increase 22 

Epileptics should be excluded 432 

Equal pay 269 

Equipment needed 105-107, 174, 217, 557 

Ethical instruction 10S-111 

"Ettinger part-time plan," results 173 

Evans, Admiral 181 

Evening elementary schools, attendance 24, 538, 548, 552 

borough distribution 129 

enrollment 24, 535, 539, 544-54(5 

expenditures 155, 156, 160, 553 

foreigners, study English 540 

lectures for 540 

industrial schools 53G, 537 

extension recommended 543 

for negroes 543 

janitors' salaries 553 

number 24, 535, 536 

per capita expenditure, complete, not computed 157 

register 548, 552 

salaries, janitors, principals, teachers 155, 553 

supplies, expenditures for 553 

teachers, number, salaries 24, 155 

term, longer, recommended 536 

waiting list 537 

Evening high and trade schools, register and attendance 551 

subjects, respective, register and attendance 552 

Evening high schools 535, 536, 547 

attendance 538, 547 

civil service, preparation for 541 

commercial subjects 541 

Cooper Union, pupils prepared for 541 

courses of study, changes 258, 541 

culture, general 541 

diplomas given 542 

domestic art and science 541 

expenditures for 155, 160, 553-554 

normal classes recommended 554-556 

per capita expenditure, complete, not computed 157 

register 547, 551 

registration, more scientific 555-556 

supplies 553 

Evening high school teachers' association vs. bd. of ed 414 

Evening recreation centers, see recreation 

36 



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38 



Evening schools 535-557 

attendance 538, 539 

classes, number 539 

committee 17, 535-557 

conferences and supervision 543 

mortality 544 

non-attendance 370 

per capita expenditure 160-161, 553 

report 535-557 

sessions 129 

summer school for immigrants 136, 162 

superintendent 12 

support, better, needed 554 

teachers 539 

vocational schools recommended 124,127,129 

subjects 543 

Evening trade schools, see vocational, industrial 535,542-543 

Everhart, Lay H 561-563 

Examinations 

academic, high schools 276, 287, 291-337 

board of examiners, holds 14 

licenses to teach 229-231 

methods of conducting tests 200 

rating and rerating 93, 291, 334 

state 93 

Examiners, board of 

members, powers, duties, physicians 14, 155 

reports 229-249 

Exercises, assembly 183 

Exhibitions 222 

composition -. 200 

drawing 469-470, 474 

manual and physical work 171, 200 

playgrounds 516 

prize speaking contest 201 

school festivals 431, 438-439 

"singing festival" 180,482 

Expenditures, see different activities 

bond issues, uses 152, 153, 156 

economies, see index 

general school fund 152 

summary 153-156 

truants, maintenance, etc 361-363 

F 

Fairlamb, J. Remington, death 487 

Farrell, Edward D 12, 178 

Farrell, Elizabeth E Ill, 601-608 

Finigan, Rose M., vs. Maxwell 381 

39 



Fire alarms 185 

repairs and part-time 48 

Folk dancing 257, 431, 438-439 

Foreigners, attendance, evening schools 544-546 

classes for, day schools 198 

study of English in evening schools 540-545 

recreation centers 137 

vacation schools 517 

summer evening schools 136 

Forms, records and reports, committee 17 

Fouillee, M. Alfred 109 

Francis, Miss Cecilia A 181 

Franklin, Cornelius E 12 

French, examinations in high schools 292-334 

evening schools 552 

licenses 103 

salaries cf teachers 155 

Fripp, Joseph A., death 177 

Fuel, expenditures 156 

Furniture and repairs of, expenditures 156 

G 

Gardens, see school 

Gaynor, Justice 398 

General assistants, evening schools 539 

Geography, course to he improved 175, 213 

German, elementary school syllabus 253 

evening schools 552 

examinations in high schools 292-334 

salaries of teachers 155 

teaching discussed 254-255 

Giddings, Miss Margaret 445 

Gilroy, Magistrate 355 

Goff, Justice 394 

Goldey, William J., death 177 

Goodnough, Walter S 465-470 

Goodwin, Dr. E. J 279 

Graduates 283-285, 334-335 

advice in choosing high schools 74-85 

ages 65-66, 88-90 

Greenbaum, Justice 387, 392, 404 

Greene, John, Commissioner 7, 126 

Gregory, Superintendent, of Massachusetts 445 

Griffin, John 12 

"Group Work" 173, 177, 196-198, 255 

Gulick, Dr. Luther H 61, 144, 145, 431-439, 567 

Gwathmey, Dr 514 

Gymnastic work and baths 174 

40 



a 

CfQ 

H 

3 




H 

Haaren, John H 1 5, 16, 17, 535-557 

Hall, President G. Stanley, on ethical instruction 109,447 

Haney, James P 453-464 

Hazen, Irving A., vs. board of education 115, 3S1-385 

Heads of departments 23 

Health, see hygiene, physical defects 

bureau of child hygiene 146 

department of, examinations 137-140, 592 

defects of method 63,144-150 

population estimates 27 

seeks suggestions 142 

woef u I f a i I u re 150 

food at cost in schools 140 

nurses for atypical children 112 

responsibility of schools, 24 problems 432 

school hygiene, department of 140-150,163 

Hearing, defective, prevalence 138, 606 

Heating, teachers to understand 187 

Henoch, Miss S. Stella 468 

Hermann, Magistrate 355 

Hervey, Walter L., 14, 233-238 

Hewitt, Mrs. Edwin 522 

High schools, see evening 18, 20, 273-286 

accommodations needed 93-94, 274, 281 

ages of pupils 32, 84, 88 

attendance 23, 42, 86, 286 

committee 17, 273-286 

course of study 258, 275, 276, 435-438 

aid students, choosing electives 76 

revision, successful 75 

enrollment 23, 42, 86 

elementary buildings used for 34 

elementary graduates advised to enter 223 

examinations 93, 276, 287, 337 

state 93 

expenditures 154, 158-159 

graduates, applying to training schools 336 

entering higher institutions 284 

number 283, 334, 335 

offering Regents' examinations 336 

taking college entrance examinations 336 

graduation, candidates for 289 

"group plan" 283 

growth of 85, 91 

individual schools 284-387 

42 



DIAGRAM 2-SHOWING VARIATIONS AMONG MEDICAL INSPECTORS 
IN FINDING PHYSICAL DEFECTS 

BROOKLYN— ALL SCHOOLS 



Need Physicians Differ So Widely in Their Standards? 



43 



High Schools — Continued 

libraries, statistics 283 

licenses to teach 97, 102, 239 

mortal ity 89, 91, 94, 287-337, 462 

new 273, 274 

per capita expenditure incomplete 158, 159 

physical training, new course 435-438 

pupils received 284-285 

register 275, 286 

salaries, insufficient to attract men 278 

size, should be limited 275, 282 

statistics, detailed by school 618-625 

students' aid 280 

summer sessions recommended 94, 162 

superintendent, assistant 12 

syllabuses under revision 276 

teachers, number 23, 36, 87 

with college degree 284 

vocational training 91 

Hirsdansky, S 171 

History and political science 287-337, 552 

Hooker, Justice 400 

Hospital League, children's branch formed 183 

House, Magistrate 355 

Howe, Dr. Marshall A 201 

Hiilshof, John L., vs. board of education 115, 385-387 

Hunt, John L. N 12, 178 

Hutchinson, Miss M. Louise 498-499 

Hygiene, see health, physical defects 

bureau of child 146 

department under board of education 140,150,162,439 

personal 437-438 

should be taught in all schools 439 

I 

Immigrants, see foreigners, special classes 
Industrial education, see manual, vocational training 

course in Stuyvesant high 270 

elementary school recommended 205 

evening, see index 

industries of New York 119-121 

negroes, evening elementary for 543 

plan for 121-128 

vocational training 128 

Instruction, characterization, experiment 213-215 

Investigator recommended 65, 162 

44 




45 



J 

Jackson, Miss Alice 181 

Jameson, Henry W 12, 276, 286,287-338 

Janitors, expenditures for salaries 156, 553 

Jasper, former city superintendent 387, 391 

Jessup, Miss Annie L 495-497 

Johnson, Miss Anna L., vs. board of education 387, 421 

Jones, P. 514, 523 

Judge, Miss Anna G 480 

K 

Katzenberg, Max 126 

Keil de Greit, Signora 446 

Kelly, Justice 416 

Kernochan, Magistrate 355 

Kingsley, Charles D 281 

Kindergartens 443-449 




New York Kindergartners on a "City-History" Trip 

attendance 23, 44, 523-530 

conferences, district, benefit of 444 

classes 

blind babies, for 219 

increase recommended 167 

needed 103, 174, 180 

46 




47 




4 s 



Kindergartens — Continued 

size 44 

equipment cabinets needed 253 

foreign countries, interchange with 446 

growth 44, 444 

licenses 98, 239, 243 

should include elementary grade 445 

locations 527 

mothers' meetings, conventions 222, 448 

play 447 

promotion 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 

register 23, 39, 40, 68 

salaries 154 

should equal grade teachers' 449 

schools having 525 

without 104 

teachers 23, 525-527 

termination of appointments 266 

training school course discontinued 348 

vacation school fund 519 

visits to homes, teachers' 448 

Kitchens, see domestic art 

L 

Language, see English 

Latin 276, 287-337, 552 

Law School, high school graduates entering 284 

Leases of temporary premises 156 

Leather modeling, vacation schools, extension for girls 518 

Lectures, public evening, attendance 24 

centers, number of 24 

comparative statistics 24 

expenditure 155-156 

number 24 

(separate report by supervisor of lectures) 

Lee, James 12, 191, 200 

Leland, C. G Ill, 503-508 

Levy, Miss Florence M 461 

Libraries 17, 259-262, 503-509 

apportionment of funds 504 

bulletin, description of 504-505 

catalogue, new edition described 503-504 

circulation, elementary and high schools 25 

by grades 503-509 

class room 184 

number 503 

comparative statistics 25, 509 

danger of "childish books" 207 

elementary school, statistics 25 

expense Ill, 156 

high school 25, 283 

49 



Libraries — Continued 

historical notes on 506-507 

pedagogical 504 

reading courses, method of encouraging 505-506 

reference 504, 509 

statistics 25 

teachers' reference 503-509 

Licenses, see respective activities 96-103,229-249 

appeals, limited 249 

directions to candidates 237 

examining methods changed 247-248 

promotion, abolished 231 

qualifications and examinations for 229 

requirements, raising of 230 

simplification of 230 

Lighting facilities 156, 432, 557 

Litson, Miss Margaret, vs. board of education 390 

Litigation and decisions of the courts 115, 377-421 

Local school boards 180, 188, 200, 204, 206 

Loewy, George J., vs. board of education 116, 393-397 

Loos, Richard F., vs. board of education 399 

Lunches, school, at cost price 140, 163 

Lyon, Charles W 204 



5% reached 
present grades » c 
in S6£ of °' 

normal time 



55? reached 
present grades _ e 
in ioo% of {K 

normal time 



80% 



1U4% 




40$ reached 
present grades . ft ™ 
in 1282 of * u ^° 

normal time 



Rates of Progress of 9489 Pupils in New York City, as Shown by 
Leonard P. Ayres, in "Laggards in Our Schools" 



Will School Lunches Help Retarded Children ? 
50 







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Plan or Standard School-room, showing Location of lights. 

For an Excellent Study of Lighting, School Room Colors, etc., 
See the 1907 Report, Boston 



5i 



M 

McCabe, James J 12 

McCloskey reading method » 171, 175 

McHench, Mary J., vs. board of education 11G, 397-399 

Mclhtyre, Charles 421 

McMurray reading method 171 

McNulty, Cecelia J., vs. Maxwell 11G, 399-404 

Machine shop practice 258, 542, 552 

Maddox, Judge 380, 381, 416 

Malnutrition, prevalence 138 

school lunches to remedy 140, 165 

ungraded class children 606 

Manhattan truant school 361 

Manual training, see cooking, drawing, industrial, vocational 

assignment of directors 37 

communal work 176 

licenses 239 

change in requirements recommended 243 

purposes 457 

vacation schools 518 

vocational training, relation to 456 

Marean, Justice 379 

Marking, abuse 218 

high school, change recommenced 291 

Mathematics, see arithmetic 287-337, 541, 552 

evening preparation for Cooper Union 541 

Maxwell, William H., see city superintendent 

Mechanical drawing, advance in 461 

evening schools, statistics 552 

trade schools 542 

Mechlin, Miss Madeleine G. W., vs. board of education. .. .116, 404-406 
Medical inspection, see hygiene 

Medical school, graduates entering 284 

Meleney, Clarence E 15, 16, 17, 204-215, 259-262 

Mental defectives, see defectives 

children examined 139, 601-615 

hospitals' co-operation needed 60S 

investigation recommended 608 

reports, adequate, recommended 601 

teachers should understand 1 12, 162 

should have higher pay 608 

training school curriculum 112 

ungraded classes 601, 609-615 

Men teachers, no definite policy 269 

nominated since 1904 266 

Merrill, Miss Jenny B 443-447 

Millinery 258, 552 

Model schools, use by training schools 346 

52 




53 



Moore, Miss Frances E., vs. board of education 406-409,421 

Moran, Miss Kate L., vs. board of education 115, 391 

Morris, Eugene C 480 

Morris, George, vs. board of education 116,409-414 

Moscow polytechnic school 454 

Moss, Magistrate 355 

Mothers' clubs, see parents' meetings 

Murphy, Miss N. Ruth, vs. board of education 391 

Museums, trips to 170, 183 




Nature Study in New York's Museum of Natural History. To Symbolize 
the Absence of Restraint the Elephant is Dubbed "Teacher" 

Music 479-487 

assignment of directors 37 

comment of teachers on 480-481,484-485 

course, covers regents' requirements 482 

readjustment recommended 486-487 

defectives, good effect on 481, 486 

departmental plan recommended 479, 486 

dulcitone recommended 482 

54 




55 



Music -Continued 

evening normal classes needed 556 

expenditures for , 154 

increase in pupils 479 

licenses 100, 103, 246, 249 

orchestras, voluntary 485-486 

organs for ungraded classes 482 

salaries for teachers 154 

special teachers, more needed 485 

uniform tests recommended 486 

N 
Nash, Dr. G. V 201 

Nature study 171, 176, 224, 519 




Educational Trips to New York City's Zoological Garden 

Nautical school 156, 160, 561-563 

Negroes, evening industrial school 543 

Nervous diseases, prevalence 13S, 606 

Net enrollment, see enrollment 

Newark method of reading 169 

Newsboy Law 354 

New York Catholic protectory 361 

Noises, suppression of unnecessary 254 

Nomination, transfer and assignment 16, 265-269 

Non-attendants, see compulsory education, truancy 

Norcutt, Miss Lottie A 177 

56 







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57 



Normal college, h. s. graduates entering 284 

Number of pupils, see attendance, classes, enrollment, register 
Nurses, ungraded classes, recommended 112, 608 

O 

O'Brien, Stephen 421 

O'Brien, Thomas S 15,16,17, 114, 115,182-190, 377-421, 425-428 

O'Connell, Jerome A 14, 239-245 

O'Gorman, Judge 387 

Ohmstede, Emil C, vs. board of education 387 

Open air playgrounds, see playgrounds 

Orcutt, Miss Hortense M 443 

O'Reilly, Magistrate 355 

Orr, Miss Mary Moore 206 

Orthopaedic defects, prevalence 138 

O'Shea, William J 12 

Over age children, see retardation 

P 

Palmer, A. Emerson 7 

Parental school, occupancy anticipated 36G 

Parents', meetings 171, 183, 212, 213 

neglect, absences due to 367 

Park, trips to 170 

Part time 45, 47-50, 167, 178, 192-195, 216, 223 

"Ettinger plan" 173 

schools having 618-687 

Payne, Miss Bertha 445 

Peckham, Miss Ruth 607 

Penmanship 170, 172, 184, 199, 218, 222, 225, 256 

"Penny Theatres," cause of truancy 352 

Pensions 113-115, 425-428 

Per capita expenditure, see activities and topics 

all schools 157-162 

Physical defects, see defectives, hygiene, retardation 

ages of children having 586,590, 592 

normal and above normal 589 

decrease with age 588, 594-596 

fewer in backward children, reasons 588,595 

grades, distributed by 586, 591 

medical co-operation, means of obtaining 605 

mental defectives 605 

number having 138-139 

retardation, relation to 61, 63, 137-140, 585 

sex, per cent, by 593 

5§ 




Crippled Children Off for a Drive 




Little Joe at Sea Breeze 

Little Joe's Smile Gave an Impetus to Treatment and Prevention of 
Tuberculosis Everywhere by Adding the Child's Appeal for the 
Destruction of the White Plague. Crippled Children at School 
Generally Mean Tuberculosis at Their Homes. For Informa- 
tion Address Sea Breeze Hospital for Children Suffering 
from Bone Tuberculosis, Coney Island, or Crippled 
Children's Driving Fund, 105 East 22nd Street, 
New York City 



59 




One of New York's Three School Boats for Tuberculous Children 




A Ferryboat Class of Tuberculous Children 
60 



















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Card of Pictures for Testing Vision of Children Who Cannot Read 

Dr. S. W. Newmaver, Philadelphia 

6i 



Physical examinations, see detectives, hygiene, retardation 

children examined 

ungraded classes 

department of health criticised 

truants 

Physical training 

assignment of directors 

department, should teach hygiene 

equipment inadequate in high schools 

folk dancing 

gymnasiums give new impetus 

high schools 

licenses, needs of, for thorough efficiency 

personal hygiene 

problems listed 

syllabus revised 

teachers, enough to cover all schools 

needed 

Physics 133, 258, 287-337, 541-542, 

Pierce, Miss Francis B 

Playgrounds, vacation schools, recreation centers 

afternoon 525, 

all day 514 

attendance 24, 136 ; 



.138-139 
609 

141-150 
365 

431-439 
37 
439 
436 
439 
225 

435-438 
39,439 

437-438 
432 
433 
435 
439 

552, 556 
471 

513-532 

527,529 

524-525 

524-530 




'Baborak" (Bohemian Folk Dance) at the National Playground Association's Second 

Congress. Pittsburgh, 1908 
62 




63 



Playgrounds — Continued 

baths 136, 517 

evening roof 516, 525 

excursions 515 

exhibits 516 

expenditures 155, 161 

"Good Citizen" clubs 516 

indoor 530 

manual training in 518 

mothers' and babies' 515 

per capita expenditure 161 

schools having 527-529 

statistics 524-532 

supplies, handling of 514 

Plumbing 258, 542, 552 

Plus classes 198 

Political science, see history and, citizenship 

Popularization of schools 171, 183, 212-213 



MONSTER SCHOOL BOND 
RALLY TO-DAY 



8000 School Children March in Stirring 
Pageant to Mass Meeting 

$100 WILL BUY SHARE IN 
SCHOOL BOND 

[$720,000 FOR SCHOOL ACCOMMODATIONS] 



400 Pack Auditorium from Pit to Dome 



— Los Angeles Examiner \ Sept . 24, 1909 



An Example of the Schools' Appeal 
64 




66 




Upright columns represent number of children at each age; hatched 
portions the number in private and parochial schools; black portions the 
number not in any school 

School Census Results in Springfield, Mass. as Graphically 

Shown in " Laggards in Our Schools " by Mr. 

Leonard P. Ayres, Russell Sage Foundation 



Population, compared with enrollment 27-28 

Powers, Minnie M., vs. board of education 414, 421 

Principals 23, 34, 97-98, 102-103, 150-152, 177, 246-248, 266 

evening schools, conferences 543 

names 618-687 

salaries 154, 553 

special classes, should form more 64 

Printing and typesetting 552 

Private institutions, care of truants in 362 

Promotion by grades 68-73 

rapid .173, 198 

teachers' continuance with classes 188 

Public Education Association 176 

Public lectures, see lectures 

Pulmonary diseases, prevalence 138 

Punctuality, good averages 184 

Pupil government, see citizenship 

67 



Qualifications and examinations for licenses 229-249 

Reading, see English, libraries 

Readjustment of schools 187, 191 

Recommendations (130 here indexed to 17G places) 

abnormal children, systematic study 605, G08 

accommodations, elementary 51, 177, 179, 193-195, 204-206,217,273 

high schools, additions 93-94, 274 

two new 94 

Jamaica training school, addition 345 

Wadleigh annex, move 276 

art talent, developing 464 

attendance officers' work reorganized 373 

attendance school 205 

blind, classes for 113,162 




One Occupation in Which the Blind Succeed : New York Association 

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70 



Recommendations — Continued 

children's courts, improved system 357 

commercial course, evening, fixed period 258 

subjects, requirements altered 241 

compulsory education law, amendments to 64,363 

elucidation of 363 

school year under, lengthened 363 

seventh year included 363 

consolidation of two department schools 188 

constructive work, alternatives 455 

cooking, extension of 491-492 

salary increase 492 

co-operation, schools and dispensaries 608 

course of study, changes 459 

cycle of teaching 108, 198 

dictionaries in upper classes 260 

domestic science, rather than cooking as title 493 

drawing course, simplification of 473 

departmental teaching 473 

more teachers 39, 466, 472 

economy in clerical service 268 

English to foreigners 136, 163, 566 

ethical instruction 110 

evening elementary school, hours changed ; 135, 162 

term longer 536-537 

evening normal classes, English to foreigners 556 

music 556 

physical culture 556 

evening schools, liberal appropriation 554 

examinations, high school, dates changed 276 

teachers', duplication to be avoided 231 

English, separate 236 

kindergarten, less often 243 

limit, number 236 

period for completion 236 

fee to improve evening attendance 134,162 

"group work" 198 

high school accommodations 281 

building method 282 

moderate sized 282 

hygiene, department under board of education .. .140, 150, 162 

should be taught in all schools 439 

plan for health dept. physicians and nurses 142-143 

industrial, schools, evening, more 553, 557 

ideal site near factories 206 

industrial, work, intensive, elementary course 459 

kindergartens, cabinets for .■ . 253 

fewer examinations 243 

more 45, 103, 174, 519 

7i 




IS 

60 






72 



Recommendations— Continued 

Kindergartens — Continued 

salary increase 448 

teachers as grade teachers 445 

kitchens, more 103 

license, manual training, requirements lowered 243 

change examination methods 247-248 

English test separate 238 

examination limits 236 

limit to appeals 249 

ungraded classes 245 

lighting facilities, improvement 557 

lunches at cost 140, 163 

manual training, more teachers 39, 243 

all pupils to have 121 

license requirements altered 241, 243 

reorganized from vocational point of view 123 

marking arrangement, change 291 

mental deficiency, study of 112, 162, 608 

men teachers, distribution of 269 

music, departmental plan 479 

dulcitone, use of 482 

instrumental lessons after school hours 46, 486 

normal classes 556 

pianos for defective classes 177 

readjustment of course 486-487 

special teachers 485 

normal evening classes, English 556 

music 556 

physical culture - 556 

nurses for ungraded classes 112, 162, 607 

office, equipment for commercial course 556 

work, instruction 557 

organs, for ungraded classes 482 

pensions, amendments regarding 115, 162 

physical training, more teachers 39, 439 

support and aims 439 

play schools, more 137 

principals, enrollment for superintendentship 189 

reading clubs 506 

records, improvement 65, 598 

salary increases, cooking 492 

kindergarten 448 

ungraded classes 245, 608 

sewing, after-hour classes 496 

extension 163, 496 

shcpwork, after school hours 124 

equipment 124 

extended 124 

73 




74 



Recommendations — Continued 

sites, see accommodations 

special classes, more 64, 198, 208 

statistician needed 65, 162 

summary of city superintendent's 162-163 

summer, evening schools for immigrants 136,163 

high school sessions 94, 162 

teachers, elementary, should try for h. s. positions.... 241 

atypical children, should study 112 

clerical work vs. class work 188 

cycle of teaching 108, 198 

deaf, for, means of securing 240 

high school supply 241 

illness limit, pay during 428 

more, drawing 39, 4G6, 472 

kindergarten 519 

manual training 39 

physical training 39, 439 

special, supervision needed 219 

specialists needed 210 

work should be more definite 210 

substitute, more adequate supply 189 

training school, broaden qualifications 244 

ungraded classes, should try for 245 

preparation for 245 

salary should be higher 245, 608 

unnecessary classes, one way to prevent 221 

text books, disposal of old 207 

training school, building needed 344 

curriculum, include mental deficiency 112 

transfers, conditions attending, bettered 64 

vocational training 125, 163 

evening schools 124 

leather modeling for girls 518 

separate schools 124 

standing con*mittee 126 

workshops, more 103, 253 

in Brooklyn 468-469 

Records, forms and reports, committee on 17 

pupils', incomplete 64 

school, improvement recommended 598 

Recreation centers 

athletic meet 521 

attendance 24, 520, 529 

classes, backward children 522 

non-English speaking 137 

special 137 

clubs 521-522 

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For Facts Regarding Summer Classes, Recreation Centers, and Individual 

Instruction for New York City Mothers, Address the Department of 

Education, 59th Street and Park Avenue, and the Division 

of Child Hygiene, 55th Street and Sixth Avenue 



Recreation Centers — Continued 

committee -. .17, 513-532 

debates 521 

expenditures 154, 15G, 1G2 

foreigners, read aloud 522 

misrepresentations corrected 522 

visitors, commend 522 

funds, shortage" 137 

gymnastic training 521 

literary programs 521 

number 520 

per capita expenditure 162 

reformatory agency 521 

salaries 155 

substitute for evil resorts 520 

session 520 

social functions 521 

study rooms 522 

Rector, Miss 174 

■' , 77 




Christmas Tree Actually Found in a New York Home Shows Opportunity 

for School's Cooperation with Organized Charity. Loaned by 

Children's Aid Society 



78 



Register, see attendance, enrollment 22-24, 73 

compared with sittings 31-34 

definition ." 537 

expenditure, per capita basis 157-158 

high school, by boroughs 286 

statistics, detailed 618-690 

Regulations of board of education 9 

retirement 14 

superintendents 10 

Reigart, John F 506 

Relief work for poor 181, 224 

Repairs, expenditures 156 

fire 48 

Reports, see topics and table of contents 

Resignations 18, 167,266, 279 

Retardation, see defectives 

aid through vocational training 126 

Ayres, Leonard P., investigation by ....61-05,144-145,567-598 

causes 575 

conclusions 596 

home visiting 607 

investigation 61-65, 567-598 

nationalities, relation to 583-584, 597 

physical defects, of retarded fewer than of normal.... 588 

relation to 585 * 

physical examination, those having 587 

time in grades by terms 581 

time in school by grades 580 

transfers, effect 581-585, 597 

vacation school classes 137 

Retirement 14, 15, 151-152, 425-428 

Richman, Julia 12, 388 

Rix, Frank A 484-487 

Roberts, Miss Hester A 438 

Rogers, Miss Josephine C 14 

Rollins, Dr. Frank, resignation 279 

Roof playgrounds 514, 525-530 

Rooms, vacated to safeguard against fire 46 

Royal college of art encourages talent 464 

Rusby, Dr. H. H 201 

Russell Sage Foundation, investigation of retardation 61-65,567-598 

Ryan, John Henry, vs. board of education 415 

79 




V 



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s 

Salaries, see expenditures, activities 

insufficient 245, 278, 448, 492, 608 

Schauffler, Alfred T 12, 183-i86 

Scholarships for pupils of artistic talents 464 

School gardens 170, 176, 223, 225, 519 

School management, see committee 17 

School supplies 156, 160, 514, 523 

School year, duration 20 

Science, addition to course 254 

Self government, see citizenship 

Sewing, see manual training 491-499 

after-hours instruction 496 

defectives' work 496 

departmental instruction 498 

expenditures 154 

extension recommended 163, 496 

garments made 499 

licenses 239, 244 

Shallow, Edward B 15, 16, 17, 178-181, 351-374 

Shiels, Albert 12 

Shimer, Edgar Dubs 12 

Shopwork 222, 225, 542 

Singing, see music 

assembly 183 

festival 180 

Sites, see accommodations 156, 179, 193, 217 

Sittings, see part time 30-34 

boroughs 32 

districts 32 

new buildings 20-22 

schools 627-688 

Skin diseases, prevalence 138 

Smart, Dr. Isabelle Thompson 608 

Smith, George J 14, 246-249 

Social work, by teachers 181, 224 

"Society for improvement of negroes" 543 

Spanish, evening high and trade schools 552 

Special, branches 36, 100, 155, 266, 439, 485 

classes "C", "D", "E" 58, 59, 61, 64, 168, 196 

equipment lacking 219 

for foreigners, justified 177, 207 

increase needed 64 

one-third who fail 208-211 

supervision 219 

subjects, girls in vacation schools 519 

Spelling, see English 

Spencer, Miss Mary 468 

Spooner, Commissioner, 515, 562 

8i 







The top chart shows in black how many in each hundred pupils reach the highest 
elementary grade. The middle chart shows how many of each thousand began when 
six years old. The bottom chart shows how many of each thousand remained until 
15 years old. (* Colored schools) 

School Mortality and Survival in 39 Cities as Shown by 
"Laggards in Our Schools" 

82 



State department of education, officers 10 

State examinations in high schools, discussed 93 

Statistics, see activities and topics 

assistant recommended for superintendent 65, 162 

Stenography, evening high school 541, 552 

Stereopticon, commended 169, 174, 225 

Stern, Abraham 14 

Stevens, Edward L 10, 15, 1G, 17, 273-286, 338 

Stevens, Plowden, Jr 201 

Stevenson, Miss Beulah E 468 

Stewart, Seth T 204, 206, 212, 213, 214 

Stitt, Edward W 12, 178, 181 

Strachan, Miss Grace C 12, 157, 204, 207, 212, 214 

Straubenmuller, Gustave 15, 16, 17, 167-177, 222-225, 253-258, 535 

Students' aid to employment 280 

Study hall experiment 173 

Substitute teachers 

clerical work, number performing 265 

supply insufficient 189 

Sullivan, Cornelius J 14 

Sullivan, M. J 126 

Summer playgrounds, see playgrounds 

Summer schools, high, recommended 94, 162 

immigrants, evening, recommended 136 

Superintendents, board cf, members 10, 15 

committees 5-6, 16-17 

district, list 12 

division, notice of reports 107 

number of 23 

reports, see contents 

salaries, total : 155 

Supervision, advance in, conferences 182 

evening schools 543 

teachers' attitude favorable towards 189 

Supervisors, list, number 16, 35 

numerical relation to teachers 35 

Supplies 17, 156, 259-262, 514, 523, 553 

Syllabuses, see course of study 

T 

Taylor, Joseph S 12, 191, 200, 201 

Teachers, see activities 

advise pupils selecting h. s. course 75 

clerks returned to class work 190, 202, 265 

cycle of teaching, recommended 108 

improvement, studies 112, 214 

insight deepened by special classes 168, 208 

litigation 115, 377-421 

men, suggested distribution 268 

§3 




8 4 



necrology 150-151,427 

nominations since 1905 , 265 

physicians examine candidates 14 

promotions, elementary schools 265 

pupils per 23, 41-44, 87 

retired 151-152, 427 

superfluous 221 

supervision of special 219 

supply sufficient 269 

visits, to homes overtaxing 608 

to other schools 214 

Technical courses, see industrial 75 

Teeth defective, prevalence 139, 606 

Text books, libraries and supplies 17, 207, 259-262 

Tilden, Joseph M., vs. board of education 415 

Tonsils, enlarged, prevalence 139, 606 

Trade schools, see evening, industrial, vocational 

committee 121-126, 535-557 

Training schools for teachers 

attendance 23, 41, 95 

buildings, new 22 

committee 17, 341-348 

co-operation with teachers 214 

expenditure 155, 159-160 

graduates 96 

high school graduates applying to 336 

kindergarten course discontinued 348 

model schools, method of using ; 346 

per capita expenditure 159, 160 

statistics .- 618-625 

Transfer, nomination and assignment 16, 265-269 

Transfer of pupils, effect on retardation 63-64, 584-585, 597 

conditions attending bettered 64 

Transportation problems for Brooklyn h. s 281 

Truancy, see compulsory attendance 351-374 

cases few 168 

causes 352 

checking methods 168 

classes in District 1 168 

comparative statistics 363-372 

maintenance of truants 361 

"newsboy law" 354 

physical examination 365 

private institutions, expenditure 361 

special squads of officers 351, 353 

truant schools 103, 239, 362 

truants, per capita expenditure 160, 361, 363 

85 



u-v 

Ungraded classes, see defectives, retardation 
Vacation playgrounds, see playgrounds 
Vacation schools 

art room influences all classes 519 

attendance 24, 136, 517, 524-532 

backward children, classes for 137 

basketry, advance in 518 

bookbinding added to course 518 

burnt wood work, extension recommended ~>ix 

chair covering 51S 

city history study 520 

excursions to landmarks 520 

committee 17, 513-532 

connecting classes 519 

deficient pupils aided 517 

discipline 520 

English classes 137, 517 

expenditure 161, 514 

gardens 519 

girls, special subjects for 519 

kindergartens 519 

leather modeling, extension recommended 518 

manual training 518 

mercantile papers 517 

nature study and gardens 519 

number 517, 529 

per capita expenditure 161 

schools having 529-531 

teachers, number 517, 529-531 

specialists 520 

term, length 517 

Venetian iron work 518 

wood work flourishing 518 

Van Laer, Alexander T 461 

Ventilating, teachers to understand 187 

Vision, defective, prevalence 138 

Visitors frequent 174 

Vocational training, see industrial, trade, manual 117-128 

committee 17, 117-128 

courses, plan 128, 458 

evening schools 543 

high school mortality and 91 

manufacturers, co-operation with 127 

manual training 456 

schools 17,25, 121-126, 128, 163, 535-557 

skilled workmen 127 

trade schools 177 

trades unions, co-operation with 127 

86 



J3: 

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3 




NUV 



W-Y 

Wade, Joseph H 12 

Walsh, John H 15, 16, 17, 216-221, 513 

Walsh, Magistrate 355 

Ward, Mrs. Humphrey, commends evening centers 522-523 

Ward method of reading 172, 175 

Weaver, E. W 280 

\\ i myss-Burns, Miss U. E 481 

Westchester temporary home 361 

Whitney, Miss Evangeline E 12, 137, 513-532 

Wilkin, Judge 356 

Williams, Miss Anna W 448 

Williams, Miss C. Augusta 471 

W'illiams, Miss Mary C 491-494 

Winthrop, Egerton L., Jr., president 7, 14 

Woman's health protective league 516 

W T ood, Howell R., vs. board of education 117, 416 

Wood work, vacation schools 518 

Working papers, see employment certificate 
Workshops, see vocational training 

equipment recommended in detail 253 

location on top floor recommended 253 

need for more L03 

schools without 105-107,123 

Yerbury, Charles S 480 




School Playground : Newark, N J. 



IfcFe '10 






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■BiaiBBC^ni 



Illustrated Guide 



to 



School Subjects of Interest 



Price, 25 Cents 



BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH 

261 Broadway \ New York 
November, 1909 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 
Foreword 3 

Topical Index to the Tenth Annual Report for New York City 
Schools (690 pp.). Issued by the City Superintendent in March, 
1909, for the School Year Ending July 31, 190S ■ . 15 



BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH 

January, 1906 Organized as "Bureau of City Betterment" 
May, 1907 Incorporated as "Bureau of Municipal Research" 

PURPOSES 

To promote efficient and economical municipal government; to promote 
the adoption of scientific methods of accounting and of reporting the 
details of municipal business, with a view to facilitating the work of 
public officials; to secure constructive publicity in matters pertaining to 
municipal problems ; to collect, to classify, to analyze, to correlate, 
to interpret and to publish facts as to the administration of municipal 
government. (Articles of Incorporation) 

PRINCIPAL REPORTS, JANUARY, 1906 to OCTOBER, 1909 

8 A Department of Municipal Audit and Examination 30c. 

9 Making a Municipal Budget ; Functional Accounts and Records 

for the Department of Health 60c. 






1 1 The Park Question, Part I, Critical Study and Constructive 

Suggestions Pertaining to Administrative and Accounting 
Methods of the Department of Parks: Manhattan and 
Richmond $1.10 

12 The Park Question, Part II, Critical Study and Constructive 

Suggestions Pertaining to Revenue and Deposits of the 
Department of Parks : Manhattan and Richmond 60c. 

13 Memorandum of Matters Relating to New York City's Debt 

that Suggest the Necessity either for Judicial Ruling or 
for Legislation 30c. 

14 Bureau of Child Hygiene 40c. 

15 Questions Answered by School Reports as They Are 

16 New York City's Debt : Facts and Law Relating to the 

Constitutional Limitation of New York's Indebtedness 35c. 

17 Collecting Water Revenues: Methods Employed by the 

Bureau of Water Register, Manhattan, with Suggestions 

for Reorganization 50C. Digest of same, free on application 

18 What Should New York's Next Mayor Do ? 10c 

19 School Progress and School Facts 25c. 

20 Tenement House Administrati on : Steps Taken to Locate 

and to Solve Problems of Enforcing the Tenement House 
Law 50c. Digest, free on application 

21 What Should New York's Next Comptroller Do ? 5c. 

22 Business Methods of New York City's Police Department 

$1.00 

23 How Should Public Budgets Be Made ? 10c. 

REPORTS IN PROGRESS, OCTOBER, 1909 

First Year's Test of Division of Child Hygiene 
Real Estate Transactions, Department of Finance 

Series of Reports : New York as Revenue Producer, as Budget 
Maker, as Operator of Shops, etc. 

The Administration of the Civil Service Law 

Administrative Aspects of the City Debt 



